Francais place of the course louvainlaneuve main themes. Contrastive analysis in language identifying linguistic units of. The subject matter of contrastive linguistics narrowly defined, contrastive linguistics can be regarded as a branch of comparative linguistics that is concerned with pairs of. This book serves as an introduction to contrastive linguistics the synchronic study of. On the tenability of the notion pragmatic equivalence in contrastive analysis karol janicki. Contrastive textology, applied linguistics and translation. Contrastive corpus linguistics while multilingual corpora, and especially comparable corpora, are designed and created with the explicit aim of cross linguistic contrast, all corpora have always been preeminently suited for comparative studies aarts 1998. Comparative linguistics an overview sciencedirect topics. Pdf a comparative and contrastive study on the meaning.
The role of comparative analysis in foreign language learning. The positional distributions of the contrastive connectors in these two languages differ considerably. So, linguistic interference is usually produced spontaneously by the inevitable coexistence of two or three different languages, especially among beginners. Contrastive syntax contrastive semantics idioms and collocations contrastive pragmatics a contrastive sketch of turkish and english the typology of turkish the sound system of english and turkish contrastive linguistics the practice of comparing languages has a long tradition in linguistic scholarship and reaches back into antiquity. The publication of robert lados book linguistics across cultures in 1957 was the start of modern applied contrastive linguistics. Papers and studies in contrastive linguistics, vol. A formalfunctional approach for contrastive linguistics. For crosscultural translation of color terms, a formal munsell color chart can provide a common structure on which to map various language terms for color. Contrastive linguistics emerged as a m ajor subfield of applied linguistics in the 1940s and conso lidated quickly throughout the 1950s and 1960s.
In contrast to historical comparative linguistics hcl, the oldest branch of comparative linguistics, contrastive analysis ca is neither concerned with historical. While traditional linguistic studies had developed comparative methods comparative linguistics, chiefly to demonstrate family relations between cognate. Finally, contrastive linguistics, unlike historical linguistics and language typology. Pdf contrastive and comparative linguistics marcin kuczok.
Contrastive syntax contrastive semantics idioms and collocations contrastive pragmatics a contrastive sketch of turkish and english the typology of turkish the sound system of english and turkish contrastive linguistics the practice of comparing languages has a long tradition in linguistic scholarship and stretches back into antiquity. Comparison is a common feature of all natural languages. Its focus and methodology were in line with the strongly historicizing tendency of the day, and with the development of parallel sciences such. It is a form of comparative linguistics, related forms being comparative diachronic linguistics and synchronic linguistic typology. The role of comparative analysis in foreign language. Contrastive linguistics is the first book written by a linguist from mainland china on the histories and principles of comparing and contrasting chinese and western languages, specifically english. A contrastive analysis between english and korean comparative constructions. He has also taught translation at peking university and the university of macau, and has worked for unesco as a senior translator. In that way, contrastive linguistics compares language systems at all levels, irrespective of the phylogenic and typological relationships that occur between the systems, aiming to establish structural and functional characteristics of languages that are compared in the light of their sameness and difference. Its meeting with corpus linguistics in the 1990s has led to a. Approaches to contrastive linguistics and translation studies pdf. Accordingly, any pair or group of languages even latin and dyirbal can be subject to a contrastive analysis.
Oct 28, 2014 nowadays in linguistics there exists a big interest in the comparative approach in foreign language learning, thatas why investigations in this area are very significant. In addition, it studies linguistic properties primarily for its own sake, not for application purposes. Theories and methods volker gast 1 the subject matter of contrastive linguistics narrowly defined, contrastive linguistics can be regarded as a branch of comparative linguistics that is concerned with pairs of languages which are socioculturally linked. Ted fernald, kari swingle, donna jo napoli, mariechristine girard, chris johnson and alesha blanchard. Feb 05, 2021 contrastive linguistics seeks to study and explain any two languages.
In the heyday of traditional work in the late nineteenth century, historical comparative linguistics was linguistic theory. Snu working papers in english linguistics and language x, xxxx. Translation vs linguistic interference linguistic interference occurs whenever a bilingual person uses in either language a characteristic or a feature that is specific to the other language. The interest in the study of obituaries as a linguistic expression of social attitudes and cultural characteristics of a given community has recently culminated in the publication of bridget fowlers book the obituary as collective memory 2007. A contrastive analysis between english and korean comparative. Comparative linguistics is the scientific study of language from a comparative point of view, which means that it is involved in comparing and classifying languages. Professor pan presents a survey of the historical, philosophical and methodological foundations of the discipline, but also examines its scope in relation to general, comparative, anthropological and applied linguistics. Traditionally, such genetic relationships have been demonstrated us. This includes listing the differences and similarities between them.
Contrastive linguistics has also been called differential linguistics and is a subsection of comparative linguistics that is separated by its studying of only two languages at any one time. A contrastive study of the english and chinese comparative constructions. Contrastive linguistics, which is also called contrastive analysis henceforth ca, is the systematic comparison of two or more languages with the aim of describing their similarities and differences ringbom, 1994. The focus may be on general or on language specific features. What can sla learn from contrastive corpus linguistics. On language, translation and comparative stylistics. It is important to mention that pure linguists have been practicing something very similar to ca. On the use of corpora in contrastive studies benjamins 2007. This branch of linguistics is called comparative philology or often simply indoeuropean studies because of the concern with the languages of this major family. Contrastive linguistics similarities and differences between two or more languages. English german course script holger diessel phonology german consonants in comparison english german p pop, stop b bed, bomb t tense, cut d disk, did k cold, kick g go, gig f finger, tough v vase, have t through, tooth d that, teeth s swim, kiss z zoo, desire, has s shy, bush z vision, garage ts cheap, match dz jump, garbage. The aim of the course is to introduce students to the basic concepts in contrastive linguistics. A contrastive genre analysis of result and discussion sections of applied linguistic research articles written by native and nonnative english speakers with respect to evaluated entities and ascribed values mahmood reza atai simin falah teacher training university, tehran, iran. A contrastive analysis between english and korean comparative constructions1 jongbok kim kyung hee university kim, jongbok.
Comparative linguistics originally comparative philology is a branch of historical linguistics which is concerned with comparing languages in order to establish their historical relatedness relatedness implies a common origin or protolanguage, and comparative linguistics aims to reconstruct protolanguages and specify the changes which have resulted in the documented languages. Papers on contrastive linguistics in this volume include. The first contrastive manual dealing with grammar was based on ukrainian. The course deals with the comparative study of language with respect to language typology and language universals, with comparative grammar, and with contrastive. Narrowly defined, contrastive linguistics can be regarded as a branch of comparative linguistics that is concerned with pairs of languages which are socioculturally linked. What is contrastive analysis linguistics languages. Contrastive linguistics wikipedia republished wiki 2 contrastive linguistics or cl is synonymous with contrastive analysis ca but only the latter is a countable noun. Two main comparative approaches seem to be used in current contrastive analysis, the structural and the transformational. A contrastive analysis of french and american english. This book serves as an introduction to contrastive linguistics the synchronic study of two or more languages, with the aim of discovering their differences and similarities and applying these discoveries to related areas of language study and practice. Dec 15, 2020 finally, there was the problem of finding a place for contrastive linguistics within the spectrum of language comparison, relative to other comparative approaches to linguistic analysis. Comparative linguistics is a fairly modern field that is quickly expanding. Feb 22, 2018 contrastive linguistics emerged as a major subfield of applied linguistics in the 1940s and consolidated quickly throughout the 1950s and 1960s. This opinion is held, for instance, by tatiana slama cazacu, of the university of bucharest, who in her recent paper given at the zagreb conference on english contrastive projects 7 9 dec.
Theoretical linguistics needs comparative linguistics. Pdf contrastive and comparative linguistics marcin. It was first suggested by whorf 1941 as contrastive linguistics, a comparative study which emphasizes on linguistic differences. Though there is some overlap between the two texts, the coverage in the textbook is wider. The basic model used for the research is the transformational generative one. Translation and contrastive linguistic studies at the. Contrastive linguistics and the language teacher by jacek.
The overall purposes of the project are to prepare a polishenglish contrastive grammar and to develop pedagogical materials. Comparative linguistics ppt linguistics second language. Finally, there was the problem of finding a place for contrastive linguistics within the spectrum of language comparison, relative to other comparative approaches to linguistic analysis. A comparative textual model is presented in chapter 3, which is shown to be relevant to most branches of linguistic description and language use chapter 4. Contrastive discourse analysis in language usage juliane house. Comparative case studies may be developed on the proposition that selected cases reflect the functioning of a common underlying structure, somewhat analogous to comparative linguistics. Comparative grammar was the most important branch of linguistics in the 19th century in europe. Objective of applicability apply the findings into the development of linguistic theories and into practical uses in disciplines such as sla, translation, comparison. English german course script holger diessel phonology german consonants in comparison english german p pop, stop b bed, bomb t tense, cut d disk, did. Comparative linguistics includes the study of the historical relationships of languages using the comparative method to search for regular i. Unsurprisingly, corpusbased contrastive linguistics has. Contrastive lexicology studies kontrastivnaya leksikologiya i leksikografiya, 2006 in russian and other languages are becoming more common. A comparative and contrastive study on the meaning extension of color terms in persian and english habibollah mashhady hossein salarvand nasser fallah associate professor m. Narrowly defined, contrastive linguistics can be regarded as a branch of comparative linguistics that is concerned with pairs of languages which are.
While traditional linguistic studies had developed comparative methods comparative linguistics, chiefly to demonstrate family relations between cognate languages, or to illustrate the historical developments of one or more languages, modern contrastive linguistics intends to show in what ways the two respective languages differ, in order to. Two languages can be said to be socioculturally linked when i they are used by a considerable number of bior multilingual speakers, andor ii a substantial amount of linguistic output text, oral discourse. Contrastive lexical studies in applied linguistics 10. The results of contrastive lexicology studies are important both for relevant. Although lado 1957 included a comparison of cultures, early contrastive studies focused on what has been described as microlinguistic contrastive analysis. This is correlated with what is known about the differences between languages in a second chapter on contrastive analysis. Contrastive analysis in linguistics linguistics oxford. Ted fernald, kari swingle, donna jo napoli, mariechristine girard, chris johnson and. A contrastive genre analysis of result and discussion. Contrastive analysis of the russian and korean classifying. The term contrastive linguistics was suggested by whorf 1941 for a comparative study which is giving emphasis on. A historical overview of contrastive and comparative linguisticscontrastive.
Review of comparative and contrastive studies of information structure, c. Contrastive linguistics looks at the history of this discipline both in europe and in china. The finite verb in yesnoquestions another reason why my area is defined as theoretical and comparative linguistics is that i am convinced that theoretical linguistics and comparative linguistics need each other. The place of contrastive linguistics in language comparison1. Comparative and historical linguistics are often treated as a single discipline, although they actually differ considerably with respect to their goals and methods. Pdf after receiving enthusiastic support during the 1960s and 1970s, the program of contrastive linguistics led a somewhat modest, if not. Contrastive linguistics is thus not a unified field of study.
The practice of comparing languages has a long tradition characterized by a cyclic pattern of interest. A comparativecontrastive study of certain arabic and english. Two languages can be said to be socioculturally linked when i they are used by a considerable number of bi or multilingual speakers, andor ii a substantial amount of linguistic output text, oral. By contrast, contrastive analysis is a way of comparing languages in order to determine potential errors for the ultimate purpose of isolating what needs to be.
Jeff ellis and jean ure further pointed out 1974 that differential comparisons. Pdf contrastive linguistics and language comparison. When it became clear that contrastive linguistics was not going to provide the foundation for a comprehensive theory of foreignlanguage learning, the field started showing signs of strain. Essay on importance and uses of contrastive linguistics. A contrastive analysis looks at the similarities and differences of the native language and the target language, to see where potential 11 would like to thank the following people for their help. Even though it is not a branch of applied linguistics, contrastive linguistics aims to arrive at results that carry the potential of being used for practical purposes, e. Raymond hickey university of duisburg and essen winter. The study may be theoretical, without any immediate application, or it may be applied, i. Comparative linguistics, study of the relationships or correspondences between two or more languages and the techniques used to discover whether the languages have a common ancestor. A contrastive study of the english and chinese comparative. On the relevance of phonetic, phonological, and morphological levels in contrastive phonology gerd hentschel. Comparative constructions display the most intriguing properties in natural.
A contrastive study of the english and chinese comparative constructions gui xin pan seoul national university pan, gui xin. This collection of papers is the first in a series resulting from the polishenglish contrastive project. The place of contrastive linguistics in language comparison. It differs from the previous book in having been prepared as a textbook for an undergraduate course on contrastive analysis and learner language. Steve nicolle my father and my mother in 1 are contrastive topics, as they combine the role of address in the common ground management of the sentence with that of. Corpusbased approaches to contrastive linguistics and.
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